• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hydraulic and pneumatic pneumatic actuator. The invention relates to a hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, formed by one or more cylindrical pistons, a solid toroidal shank or several hollow toroidal shanks and integral hollow toroidal sleeve, by means of which an angular displacement of the shank as a whole is obtained, for its direct implementation on an existing articulated mechanism. For the correct operation of the invention in those cases in which the axis of rotation of the actuator is off-centered and/or slightly misaligned with respect to the axis of rotation of the articulation, the invention is completed with three elements connected consecutively to the free end of the joint. Shank by means of which said deviation is corrected. The invention provides a simple and innovative solution, which can be single or double effect and extensible or non-extensible with minimal variations. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2580329A1
    申请号:ES201530212
    申请日:2015-02-20
    公开日:2016-08-23
    发明作者:Gregorio ROMERO REY
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    TOROIDAL HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
    D E S C R I P C I O N
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, which can be single or double acting and extensible, its geometry being curved and allowing to avoid the problems derived from the decentralization or misalignment of the rotation axis between the elements on which It is coupled and the axis of rotation of the actuator itself.
    The object of the invention is to achieve a better use of the force exerted by the actuator by being solely dependent on the pressure exerted hydraulically or rheumatically on the actuator, and not so much on the geometry of the mechanism on which it is coupled itself. It is also the object of the invention to achieve a better optimization of the space required for its installation on the mechanism to be moved, as well as the elimination of the necessary articulation at one of the ends of the actuator and the correct operation in those cases that contemplate mounting mismatches with with respect to the axis of rotation of the mechanism on which it would be coupled.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The use of the existing pressure in a fluid for the generation of a straight or rotating movement has always been linked to the advancement of man. Starting from this base, the means mostly used have been hydraulic cylinders, mechanical actuators that are used to transmit a force through a linear path, obtaining the energy of a pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is typically some type of oil.
    Traditionally, hydraulic actuators are mechanical and cylindrical actuators that are used to transmit a force through a linear path, with the possibility that they are extensible in those cases where a lot of piston stroke length is required. In the case of tools or elements that move linearly
    linear actuators are those that are used to be the movement of both of the same
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    nature; in the case of elements that pivot with respect to a point, however, they are also widely used, which means the use of a linear movement to obtain a rotating movement, both of different nature.
    The hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders are basically composed of two main parts: a hollow cylinder-shaped sleeve and a mobile piston connected to a rod, which may or may not be extensible. The shirt is usually closed by a lid at one end, while at the other end there is a perforated cover where it appears and the rod is allowed to slide. In turn, the piston divides the interior of the cylinder into two chambers, one on each side of the cylinder, the hydraulic pressure being able to act on both parts of said piston to produce the linear movement of the actuator in both directions (double effect) or only on one of the faces to produce the linear movement of the actuator in one direction (simple effect). If the actuator is extensible, its design is carried out by inserting one or several hollow rods and decreasing diameter, one inside the other, so that the stroke length is greater the greater the number of rods.
    The use of the mentioned hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders is present in an infinite number of machinery of diverse Indole since it allows not only the linear movement of a piece that goes in solidarity with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, but the movement of rotation of any piece through the use of an articulation or other alternative mechanisms. After the exhaustive analysis of a large number of machinery and patents, a wide commercial offer, technological solutions and applications associated with linear hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders are observed, obtaining the movement of rotation of a piece by means of an articulation, the main use that is given to them gives.
    The technological solutions that are currently used for the achievement of a rotation in a joint, in addition to the use of the linear actuators mentioned, often employ the use of gears, racks and pulleys.
    Despite being much more descriptive of the turning movement, and therefore its angular movement, its angular displacement, there is virtually no reference to hydraulic or pneumatic actuators similar to those described in the invention that are not with a linear advance of the rod but curved, thus describing an angular displacement.
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    In general, reference is made to 'rotary' hydraulic actuators (eg ES2196222 T3 - 12/2003), whose object is not the displacement of the rod in a manner similar to that described in the invention but the final rotation of an axis with respect to its longitudinal axis, and 'rotary' hydraulic actuators (eg ES1088229 U - 08/2013). In the latter case, although a rotational movement is also generated from the existing hydraulic pressure by means of a piston, like the invention, the jacket (outer body) describes the 360 ° of a complete circle, no possibility is observed of anchoring the rod to a piece that it is desired to move nor the form by which said rotary actuator would be held in its final assembly, so it is assumed that the final objective thereof is to rotate the inner part of said actuator and concentrically with the joint where it was installed.
    Although some patents of toroidal actuators are described, few references appear (eg EP0328825, US5044257, US2009031718A1). After the analysis of the different existing patents, particularities and problems common to all of them are observed, which justifies the advantages and improvements introduced in the invention.
    EP0328825 (08/1989) contains the definition of a methodology for the manufacture of toroidal rod and piston for use in rotary actuators. Although the exposed methodology could be used for the manufacture of the rod present in the invention, said patent differs from the applicability of the invention by not pursuing the rotational movement of a mechanism ultimately from the pressure exerted on a piston and the subsequent angular movement of the rod. On the other hand, US5044257 (09/1991) describes a toroidal actuator such as the one described in the invention and a methodology for its manufacture; however, in said patent it is observed that the main object thereof is not the angular movement of the rod itself, but the rotation of the axis to which said rod is attached, all enclosed in a fixed and integral housing to the entire actuator as a whole.
    However, although US2009031718A1 (02/2009) does contain the description of a toroidal actuator similar to that of the invention, it reflects a series of clearly differentiating parts: first, it defines a single-acting toroidal actuator, there being no possibility of opposite movement by actuation on the face
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    rear of the piston; secondly and despite assuming simple effect, there is no clear exposure of the form by which the fluid is distributed to the piston face based on the exhibition drawings; Lastly and most importantly, the disposition of the axis of rotation of the mechanism to which it is anchored is clearly defined, which must be coaxial with that of the actuator, and there cannot be an offset of them; to said revindication express indication is made in patent NZ564931 ('A toroidal actuator where the axis of rotation of the ram and cylinder is co-linear with the axis of rotation of the toroid' - 01/2011), which corresponds to another denomination of the same patent.
    Likewise, some patents referring to rotary hydraulic or pneumatic motors (eg GB938231A and DE29603706U1) are located similarly to the invention, although they contain differentiating and functional characteristics with respect to the invention.
    In GB938231A (10/1963) a double cylinder oscillating hydraulic or pneumatic engine is presented although, unlike the invention, the ultimate objective of said patent is the rotation of a shaft integral to said engine, so its use It is restricted to those mechanisms where its axis of rotation can be coupled to a motor, there being no option of use for those cases such as hinged mechanisms, where the axis is not easily attachable to the motor. Although said patent comprises toric sleeves, toric rods, cylindrical pistons, closure caps, and a transmission mechanism by means of a piece fixed to the rods with a pin that slides into a U-piece, articulated to another fixed part The output shaft, which is parallel to the rotation of the rods, does not allow any mounting adjustment and has a greater complexity than the invention presented. In said patent it is observed that the jacket is formed by two halves, which although it is constructively feasible, makes it possible to leak the union between both parts and with the piston, therefore there is the incorrect sealing of the system, vital for the use of hydraulic force; In the invention that the shirt is exposed, it is integral, which, together with its preferred mode of realization, ensures a better sealing of the piston with the shirt.
    Similarly, in patent DE29603706U1 (04/1996) another hydraulic or pneumatic motor is exposed in which the union between the rod and the piston is not radial, the ultimate objective of said patent being again the rotation of a shaft integral to said engine, so no
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    There is an option for use in those cases where the axis of rotation of the mechanism where it is desired to install is not easily coupled to the motor, being necessary in many cases to replace the axis of rotation of the mechanism with the motor and its own axis of rotation to automate the movement of said mechanism.
    After the previous analysis and other existing references (US5495791, US5386761, US5054374, US5007330, US4628797, US3246580, US3070075, FR678988A) a similar conclusion is obtained in all of them, consisting in that the thrust of the hydraulic or pneumatic actuator has the purpose of generating rotation in the physical axis of the actuator, which is what is really used, not the angular movement of the rod directly, as set forth in the invention, and that the axis of rotation existing between the elements on which elements are assumed to be concentric the actuator and the axis of rotation of the actuator itself are coupled.
    Only in the patent JPS58163805A (1983) a curved actuator is described whose purpose is the angular movement of the rod directly, as set forth in the invention, although differences are observed with respect to the invention, since the rod of said patent has as a final goal the thrust of a free piece and to which it is not anchored in any way so, although it admits a certain degree of freedom the installation of said curved actuator, there is no possibility that when performing the opposite movement movement is obtained some in the piece that previously pushed, in which case some coupling system would be necessary. Therefore, said patent would not allow it to be anchored to a mechanism for its operation in both directions,
    The common factor to all the patents that are previously analyzed also have as a common factor the fact that the movement of the rod is in any case inferior to the size of the shirt since it is not extensible, so there is no possibility in the patents analyzed that the movement, either of the axis of rotation or of the rod as such, is greater than the housing of the shirt without any modification. In the invention that is recommended, a solution is presented by means of which the angle of departure of the rod can be comfortably configured for the purpose of its implementation in one or other mechanisms according to its turning needs.
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    Finally, JPS58193126U (12/1983) shows two transmissions that allow the correction of non-coaxiality between two axes that rotate in solidarity, one by using an Oldham joint and the other by means of a pin and slide. This type of joint or that set forth in the GB938231A (10/1963) patent is valid when it is intended to carry out the union between two rotating axes and that have some relative misalignment or displacement, not the perpendicular union between two elements , as is the case with the rod and the piece on which it is anchored. In the invention there is presented a fastening system located at the free end of the rod whose object is to be able to save those derived defects, either from the installation of the actuator or from the misalignment of the axis of rotation of the mechanism on which it is incorporated.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The hydraulic and pneumatic actuator that is recommended presents a series of particularities from which substantial improvements and new performance are derived with respect to the types of actuators defined in the previous section.
    More specifically, the toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator of the invention comprises a hollow sleeve of circular cross-section, which has been properly curved to generate a constant circular inner path, such that a solid rod is located inside said hollow sleeve, in the case of non-extensible actuator, or several hollow rods, also of circular and curved cross section to generate a concentric path between sleeve and rod.
    The actuator also includes one or more pistons at one of the ends of each part of the rod, being held by a screw in the case that it is solid, or by thread in the case that it is a hollow rod.
    In the actuator two sealed chambers can be created, one on each side of the piston (or pistons) to be able to act hydraulically or pneumatically double on the actuator, or a single sealed chamber on one side of the piston (or pistons) to be able to act in a simple way, also hydraulically or pneumatically, anticipating in this case a
    only sealing ring to adjust between the piston and the inner face of the element that
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    it contains, while in the double-acting actuator two oppositely arranged sealing rings are arranged, which also fit between the piston and the inner face of the element that contains it.
    In the case of a non-extendable single acting actuator, the chamber is closed by means of a threaded cover on the actuator sleeve, said cover incorporating the corresponding channel to connect the inlet and outlet line of the chamber fluid, complementing it with A rubber gasket for better sealing. At the other end opposite the piston, the jacket includes a welded part that acts as a stop and reduction of the diameter between the sleeve and rod, so that the space between said welded part and the piston is placed a helical spring to to be able to generate the opposite movement of the piston once it has moved due to the hydraulic or pneumatic force. To ensure the correct fit of the shirt with the rod, a toroidal joint is included inside the welded part. In the case of an extendable actuator, the same previous configuration is followed with the proviso that both the rod and the piston are not solid but hollow so that several can be coupled inside the actuator, the threaded piston being found to the corresponding rod and not attached by a screw.
    In the case of the non-extendable double acting actuator, the chamber is closed with a threaded coupling on which it incorporates a corresponding channel to connect the fluid inlet and outlet lines with the corresponding chamber. The seal that is furthest from the piston is perforated so that the free end of the rod can slide inside, with the particularity that to ensure correct adjustment with the rod a sealing ring is included.
    In the case of an extendable double acting actuator, the rod is not solid but hollow, so that several can be coupled inside the actuator, the piston threaded to the corresponding rod and not connected by means of a screw. In the preferred embodiment, the rod is perforated radially at the end near the piston so that the fluid can flow between the different chambers continuously, the lines of input and output of the actuator fluid being at both ends of this . In the least preferred embodiment the fluid inlet and outlet lines of the
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    Actuator is located at both ends of the outer jacket and the configuration of rods and pistons is similar to the single acting extendable actuator, being necessary to perform a composite rod as shown in figure 18 in order to incorporate a groove inside the hollow rod and thus be able to communicate the different cameras of the actuator with each other.
    In all cases, the seal that is closest to the larger diameter piston contains the holes necessary for adjustment in the mechanism where the actuator is to be installed, leaving no possibility of relative movement with said mechanism.
    Said actuator closure contains flat faces on the outside for a better fit, the corresponding channel having been made to connect the fluid inlet and outlet lines between one of the lateral faces of the closure and the interior of the closure.
    Corresponding to the free end of the rod includes a hitch piece with screw assembly, allowing relative rotation between the free end of the rod and the hitch in case the anchors on each side of the actuator are not properly aligned, if their screw is tightened without excessive tightening torque.
    To this coupling piece is articulated, by means of a pin, another piece that allows a second relative rotation between the actuator and the point of application of the mechanism to be moved, so that said articulated piece is connected to the anchoring part of the mechanism by means of paths dovetails male / female thanks to which the relative movement between both pieces is allowed.
    The combination of these three elements referred to last, as well as the participation of the pin and the screw, all arranged consecutively at the free end of the rod, ensure the correct operation of the actuator in those cases where the axes of rotation do not They are concentric or parallel by two turns and a relative translation.
    Therefore, the actuator of the invention allows to eliminate problems derived from the decentralization or misalignment of the existing axis of rotation on the elements on which it is coupled and the axis of rotation of the actuator itself, so that the curved design makes
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    possible a better anchoring of the actuator in those spaces close to the existing joints in any mechanism, which ensures a better use of space.
    The operation is similar to that of a traditional double or single acting longitudinal hydraulic or pneumatic actuator, extensible or not, with the substantial and significant difference proposed in this invention, that both the sleeve and the actuator rod are curved, that is toroidal , carrying additionally incorporating three elements at the free end of the rod to ensure proper operation where the axes of rotation are neither concentric nor parallel.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that will then be made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    Figures 1 and 2 show sectional views of the actuator in case it is not extensible and of simple effect, in retraction and extension positions respectively, as well as the offset of the actuator rotation axes (point O) and of the axis of rotation of the articulation (point O ').
    Figure 3 shows the explosion assembly of the non-extendable actuator parts in the case of being of simple effect.
    Figure 4 shows the detail enlargement E represented in the previous figure.
    Figure 5 shows the arrangement and assembly of the different elements of the non-extendable actuator if it is double acting.
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    Figure 6 contains detail A of Figure 5, where the assembly of the fixed end of the actuator and the piston is seen.
    Figure 7 contains detail B of Figure 5, where the closure of the free end of the actuator and the assembly between rod and element to be moved by means of three consecutively connected elements are seen.
    Figure 8 shows the arrangement and assembly of the different elements of the actuator if it is non-extendable and double-acting in extended position.
    Figure 9 shows the detail A of Figure 8, in which the rotation and relative displacement between the elements that serve to adapt the anchor between the free end of the rod and the element on which it is desired to act can be observed. the actuator due to the decentralization or misalignment of the actuator rotation axes and the articulation rotation axis.
    Figure 10 shows the explosion assembly of the actuator parts in case of non-extensible and double-acting, for a better visualization of the arrangement and assembly of the different elements that participate in it.
    Figure 11 shows the arrangement and assembly of the different actuator elements in case of being extensible and of simple effect.
    Figure 12 shows the detail enlargement A represented in the previous figure.
    Figure 13 shows the explosion assembly of the actuator parts in case of being extensible and of simple effect. For a better visualization of the arrangement and assembly of the different elements that participate in it, the different hollow rods (7’-7 ’’ - 7 ’’) have been separated from each other and from the shirt (8).
    Figure 14 shows the arrangement and assembly of the different elements of the extendable actuator in case of double effect and in the case of preferred realization.
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    Figure 15 shows the enlargement of detail A represented in the previous figure.
    Figure 16 shows the explosion assembly of the non-extendable actuator parts in the case of being double acting and preferred embodiment.
    Figure 17 shows constructive detail of the less preferred embodiment of the rod in the case of an extensible actuator, where a rod composed of two pieces is observed so that the different chambers can communicate with each other, one of them with groove and drill, and the other with a drill.
    Figure 18 shows constructive detail of the less preferred embodiment of the rod in the case of an extensible actuator, where rod is observed composed of the two pieces shown in the previous figure welded together, and joined the outer part to another welded part .
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    As can be seen in figures 1 to 10 inclusive, in which the actuator is shown if it is single or double acting and not extensible, it comprises a hollow sleeve (8) of circular cross-section, which has been curved with respect to a point O in order to generate a constant circular inner path, so that inside said hollow jacket (8) a solid rod (7) of circular and curved section with respect to the same point O is arranged in order to generate a concentric trajectory between shirt and stem.
    To take advantage of the hydraulic or pneumatic force, and in order to generate the angular displacement between the sleeve and the rod, a piston (5) is provided at one end of the rod (7), said piston (5) going fastened by a screw (3).
    In the constituted actuator and in the case of being of double effect, two sealed chambers can be established, one on each side of the piston (5), for which they are provided
    sealing rings (4 and 6) arranged opposite, which fit between piston and inner face
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    of the jacket, closing both cameras with a cover (1) threaded on the same sleeve of the actuator, cover that incorporates the corresponding channel (17) to connect the fluid inlet and outlet line with one of the cameras, as well as the respective one rubber gasket (2) for better sealing.
    The welded part (11) that is furthest from the piston (5) when it is retracted is perforated so that the free end of the rod (7), or the different hollow rods can be slid between them (7 ' -7 '' - 7 '' '). Inside the welded part (11) a toroidal joint (9a) is provided for the case of single acting actuator or a sealing ring (9b) for the case of double acting actuator.
    In correspondence with the free end of the rod (7) a coupling piece (13) is provided, which is fixed to the rod (7) by means of a screw (14), allowing relative rotation between the free end thereof and the piece of coupling (13) in case the anchors on each side of the actuator are not well aligned, anchor that corresponds on one side to the closing cover (1) and on the other hand to the part (16) of the element or device in the The actuator must be mounted, all in the case that the screw (14) is tightened without excessive tightening torque.
    In turn, the coupling part (13) is connected to an articulated part (15), by means of a pin (12), which allows a second relative rotation between the actuator and the point of articulation in the mechanism to be moved.
    Finally, this articulated piece (15) is connected to the anchor piece (16) to the mechanism, by means of male / female dovetails, thereby allowing relative movement between both pieces.
    Well, the combination of the pieces (13), (15) and (16) in combination with the screw (14) and pin (12), provided consecutively at the free end of the rod (7) ensure proper operation of the actuator in those cases where the axes of rotation are neither concentric nor parallel.
    The piston (5) can be made by external and internal turning, generating both the grooves where the sealing rings (4 and 6) and the flared hole are housed
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    where the head of the screw (3) that joins piston (5) and rod (7) is housed.
    The pistons of the extendable actuator (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') can also be made by external and internal turning, generating both the grooves where the sealing rings (4 and 6) are housed, proceeding to the internal threading by One of the extremes. As regards the housing with flat faces so that said pistons (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') can be mounted with the hollow rods (7'-7' '- 7' ''), those can be made by broaching in the case of being interns, or by milling or stamping in the case of not being interns.
    With regard to the part corresponding to the sleeve (8) of the actuator, it can be made from the manufacture of a tube and its subsequent bending in the press with the help of sets of dies or bending springs in order to avoid ovoidal cross section, subsequently cutting the ends radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the actuator (point O of figure 1) or parallel to these in order to generate flat faces. In order to correctly assemble the pieces or covers that close each of the chambers described above, the outside of one of the ends of the jacket (8) will be perpendicular; Being a toroidal geometry, the threading will be done in such a way that it does not reach the inside of the jacket (8) (detail in figures 2A and 2B). If the interior of the jacket did not have the desired interior roughness, since there must be a precise adjustment with the sealing rings (4 and 6) housed in the piston (5), it would be possible to insert a well finished element superficial but elastic enough to be inserted inside the shirt.
    The manufacture of the solid rod (7) can be carried out by turning a cylinder in a traditional way and its subsequent bending in the press in order to generate the desired curvature, subsequently cutting the ends radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the actuator (point O of figure 1; detail in figure 2A). For a better fit between the sleeve (8) of the actuator and the piston (5), the latter being a revolutionary element and the toroidal sleeve, the end of the rod end on which the piston (5) is anchored can be cut ) not radially but with a small angle of inclination (figure 2.b.). For the correct assembly of the coupling piece (13) on the free end of the rod (7) and the piston (5), it will be carried out two centered and
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    perpendicular to each of the faces of the ends of the rod, and to its subsequent threading.
    In the case of hollow shanks (7'-7 '' - 7 '' ') for implementation in the extensible actuator, these can be carried out in a similar way to the sleeve (8) of the actuator, that is, from the fabrication of a tube and its subsequent bent in press with the help of sets of dies or flexion springs in order to avoid an ovoidal cross section, subsequently cutting the ends radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the actuator (point O of Figure 1). In the case of being a double-acting actuator, the holes communicated by the different chambers are made by drilling, while the hole that serves to adjust the coupling piece with the fluid inlet / outlet line can be made by drilling and the subsequent use of a tap.
    The welded piece (11) that closes the shirt (8) or the hollow rods (7’-7 ’- 7’ ’) by one end can be made integrally by turning, being the same as revolution. The part or cover (1) that closes the actuator at the other end can be made initially by turning, since it is a large part of them, and when threading the inner hole that couples with the sleeve (8) of the actuator; later, in said piece, the external flat faces will be milled. Finally, in the case of the part or cover (1) that closes the actuator closer to the piston (5), the channel (17) will be drilled that connects the outside with the inside of the closure and the holes necessary for its adjustment in the mechanism where you want to install the actuator; in the case of the part or cover (11) that closes the actuator by the free end of the rod (7), the channel (17) will be drilled that connects the exterior with the interior in the space near where the ring is housed. shutter (10).
    As can be seen in Figure 7, the welded part (11) that acts as a cover for the end of the jacket (8) or the hollow rods (7'-7 '' - 7 '' ') carries a reduction of diameter between the piece to which it is welded and the piece that moves inside, so that in the space included is where the helical spring (18) is arranged in the case of being a single-acting actuator, in order to to be able to generate the opposite movement of the piston (5) or pistons (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') once it has moved due to the hydraulic or pneumatic force.
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    With regard to the elements used to adapt the offset of the axes of rotation of the actuator and of the axis of rotation of the joint, the coupling piece (13) will be manufactured by turning, the subsequent drilling of the hole through which be inserted the pin and the milling of the inner zone for the accommodation of the next piece; The articulated part (15) will be manufactured by milling, including the groove in the shape of a dovetail, and the subsequent drilling of the pin housing. Finally, the anchoring part to the mechanism (16) will be manufactured by milling, including the projection in the shape of the dovetail, and the subsequent drilling of the holes necessary for its adjustment in the mechanism where you want to install the actuator.
    The rest of elements such as screws, elastic joints and sealing rings correspond to standardized elements and widely used in industry.
    In the variant of realization in which the actuator is single acting, there is a helical spring (18) which is the one that pushes the piston (5).
    In either case, single and double acting, an angular displacement of the rod (7) is obtained for its direct implementation on the joint to the piece (16) of the mechanism in which it is applied. In the case of being extensible, the angular displacement of the rod as a whole is greater than the space occupied by the jacket, so that such configuration is preferable in those cases where a large angle of rotation is desired.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
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    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1st.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, which is constituted by means of a toroidal jacket (8), a solid and toroidal rod (7) or several hollow and toroidal rods (7'-7 ”-7”) inside the shirt (8), one (5) or several pistons (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') of cylindrical configuration, a closing cover (1) at one of its ends and a welded part that acts as a closure of the shirt (11) and each of the hollow stems (11'-11 '' - 11 '' ') at the opposite end, in which case this cover (11-11'-11' '- 11' '') It is affected by an orifice for passage of the corresponding rod (7-7'-7 '' - 7 '' '), characterized in that the pressure established on either side of the piston (5) or the pistons (5'-5 '' -5 '' ') carries with it an angular displacement of the rod as a whole (7 or 7'-7' '- 7' '') for its direct implementation on the articulation of the mechanism in question.
    2nd.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that it allows angular displacement of the actuator rod greater than the angle occupied by the sleeve (8) by incorporating an extensible rod (7'-7 '' - 7 '' ').
    3a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1, characterized in that it allows the exit / entry line to be located in the jacket (8) or in the hollow rod furthest (7 ’’).
    4a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the articulation of the mechanism is established by a piece (13) fixed to the end of the solid rod (7) or hollow rod of smaller section (7 ''), a piece articulated (15) on said piece (13), both pieces (13 and 15) being articulated through a transverse pin (12), fixed to the rod (7 or 7 '' ') by means of a screw (14), forming a Continuous set of parts (13.15) with the part (16) fixed to the mechanism, allowing the correction of the deviation that the axis of rotation of the actuator could have.
    5th.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the jacket (8) is a single piece body and is obtained from the fabrication of a tube and its subsequent bent in the press with the help of die or spring sets of flexion.
    6a- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 5a, characterized in that the adjustment of the jacket (8) with the covers (1) and (11) of the ends, is carried out by union
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    threaded in the first case and by welding the closure piece (11) on the respective end of the jacket (8).
    7a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 6a, characterized in that the closing cover (1) is an integral piece and incorporating the corresponding fluid inlet / outlet channel (17) and flat faces for its best adjustment.
    8a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the threaded cover (1) of the fixed end of the jacket (8) allows its anchorage to a mechanism by means of the use of screws.
    9a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1, characterized in that the welded cover (11-11'-11 '' - 11 '') is affected by a hole for the passage of the rod (7-7'-7 ' '-7' ''), and have a housing for a toroidal joint (9a) or a sealing ring (9b).
    10a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator fluid outlet / inlet line is made by means of the bore of the jacket (8) or the hollow rod of smaller section (7 '') and the corresponding threaded part assembly incorporating channel (10).
    11a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the solid rod (7) is obtained by chip removal procedures and bending in the press.
    12a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the hollow rod (7'-7 '' - 7 '' ') is obtained from the fabrication of a tube and its subsequent bending in the press with the help of sets of matrices or bending springs in order to avoid an ovoidal cross section, subsequently cutting the ends radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the actuator (point O of Figure 1) or parallel to these in order to generate flat faces
    13a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the free end of the rod (7 or 7 ’’) incorporates an element to correct incorrect orientation between the two points of the actuator anchor.
    5
    10
    fifteen
    twenty
    25
    14a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 1a, characterized in that the free end of the rod (7 or 7 ’’) incorporates an element to correct the relative rotation between the point of application of the actuator and the rod thereof.
    15a Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claims 13a and 14a, characterized in that the free end of the rod (7 or 7 ’’) incorporates an element to correct the relative positioning between the anchor point of the actuator and its rod.
    16a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to previous claims,
    characterized in that the piston (5) that is anchored to a solid rod is of a cylindrical configuration and movable inside the jacket (8), said piston being provided with a non-radial cut in correspondence with the end of the rod (7) allowing the use of standardized elements in their assembly.
    17a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to previous claims,
    characterized in that the pistons that are anchored to hollow rods (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') are of cylindrical exterior configuration and are movable inside the jacket (8) or hollow rods (7'-7' ' ) that contain them, said pistons being provided with a non-radial cut in correspondence with the end of the rods (7'-7 '' - 7 '' ') and a hexagonal shaped hole for anchoring, allowing the use of elements standardized in the assembly of the same.
    18a.- Toroidal hydraulic and pneumatic actuator, according to claim 17a, characterized in that the hexagonal hollow provided by the pistons that are anchored to hollow rods (5'-5 '' - 5 '' ') can be through or not according to actuator configuration.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2580329B2|2017-10-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB938231A|1959-05-19|1963-10-02|Frank Hanselmann|Improvements in or relating to fluid motors|
    JPS58193126U|1982-06-18|1983-12-22|
    DE3613752A1|1986-04-23|1987-10-29|Bernhard Mitschinski|Ring cylinder for swivel movements|
    DE29603706U1|1995-06-23|1996-04-25|Bayer Feinwerktechnik Und Elek|Pneumatically or hydraulically operated rotary actuator for one shaft|
    EP2022919A1|2007-07-31|2009-02-11|Adriano Foroni|An opening and closing device for elements activated in rotation|
    CN110645222A|2019-08-29|2020-01-03|南京理工大学|Novel flexible air-magnetic driving actuator|
    法律状态:
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    ES201530212A|ES2580329B2|2015-02-20|2015-02-20|Hydraulic actuator and toroidal tire|ES201530212A| ES2580329B2|2015-02-20|2015-02-20|Hydraulic actuator and toroidal tire|
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